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VEDANGAS
The Vedanga ("member of the Veda") are six auxiliary disciplines traditionally associated with the study and understanding of the Vedas.
- Shiksha: phonetics and phonology (sandhi)
- Kalpa: ritual
- Vyakarana: grammar
- Nirukta: etymology
- Chandas: meter
- Jyotisha: astronomy for calendar issues, such as auspicious days for performing sacrifices.
Traditionally, vyakarana and nirukta are common to all four Vedas, while each veda has its own Shiksha, Chandas, Kalpa and Jyotisha texts.
The Vedangas are first mentioned in the Mundaka Upanishad as subjects for students of the Vedas. Later, they developed into independent disciplines, each with its own corpus of Sutras.
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